The distortion of the old Europe-centered view of the world (Mercator Projection).

Fig. 12 Great Britain (244,000 square km) appears as large as Madagascar (587,000 square km)

Fig. 13 Italy (301,000 square km) appears as large as Somalia (637,000 square km)

Fig. 14 France (547,000 square km) appears as large as Niger (1,267,000 square km)

Fig. 15 Sweden (752,000 square km) appaers twice as large as Egypt 1,001,000 square km)